Occurrence of Babesia spp., Rickettsia spp. and Bartonella spp. in
Ixodes ricinus in Bavarian public parks, Germany.
Schorn S, Pfister K, Reulen H, Mahling M, Silaghi C
Parasit Vectors 2011 07 15; 4 (1): 135
ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND: Only limited information is available about the
occurrence of ticks and tick-borne pathogens in public parks, which are
areas strongly influenced by human beings. For this reason, Ixodes
ricinus were collected in public parks of different Bavarian cities in a
2-year survey (2009 and 2010) and screened for DNA of Babesia spp.,
Rickettsia spp. and Bartonella spp. by PCR. Species identification was
performed by sequence analysis and alignment with existing sequences in
GenBank. Additionally, coinfections with Anaplasma phagocytophilum were
investigated. RESULTS: The following prevalences were detected: Babesia
spp.: 0.4% (n= 17, including one pool of two larvae) in 2009 and 0.5 to
0.7% (n= 11, including one pool of five larvae) in 2010; Rickettsia
spp.: 6.4 to 7.7% (n= 285, including 16 pools of 76 larvae) in 2009. DNA
of Bartonella spp. in I. ricinus in Bavarian public parks could not be
identified. Sequence analysis revealed the following species: Babes ia
sp. EU1 (n=25), B. divergens (n=1), B. divergens/capreoli (n=1), B.
gibsoni-like (n=1), R. helvetica (n=272), R. monacensis IrR/Munich
(n=12) and unspecified R. monacensis (n=1). The majority of coinfections
were R. helvetica with A. phagocytophilum (n=27), but coinfections
between Babesia spp. and A. phagocytophilum, or Babesia spp. and
Rickettsia helvetica were also detected.
CONCLUSIONS: I. ricinus ticks in urban areas of Germany harbor several
tick-borne pathogens and coinfections were also observed. Public parks
are of particularly great interest regarding the epidemiology of
tick-borne pathogens, because of differences in both the prevalence of
pathogens in ticks as well as a varying species arrangement when
compared to woodland areas. The record of DNA of a Babesia gibsoni-like
pathogen detected in I. ricinus suggests that I. ricinus may harbor and
transmit more Babesia spp. than previously known. Because of their high
recreational value for human beings, urban green areas are likely to
remain in the research focus on public health issues.
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