Tick Surveillance in Great Britain
Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis. 2010 Sep 17. [Epub ahead of print]
Tick Surveillance in Great Britain.
Jameson LJ, Medlock JM.
Medical Entomology & Zoonoses Ecology, Microbial Risk Assessment,
Emergency Response Department, Health Protection Agency , Salisbury,
Wiltshire, United kingdom .
Abstract
The ability for public/veterinary health agencies to assess the risks
posed by tick-borne pathogens is reliant on an understanding of the main
tick vector species. Crucially, the status, distribution, and changing
trends in tick distribution and abundance are implicit requirements of
any risk assessment; however, this is contingent on the quality of tick
distribution data. Since 2005 the Health Protection Agency has promoted
an enhanced tick surveillance program. Through engagement with a variety
of public and veterinary health agencies and practitioners (e.g.,
clinicians and veterinarians), wildlife groups (deer society, zoos,
animal refuge centers, and academics), and amateur entomologists, >4000
ticks from 900 separate records across Great Britain have been
submitted, representing 14 tick species (Ixodes ricinus, Ixodes
hexagonus, Ixodes acuminatus, Ixodes arboricola, Ixodes canisuga, Ixodes
frontalis, Ixodes lividus, Ixodes trianguliceps, Ixodes ventalloi,
Carios vespertilionis, Dermacentor reticulatus, Haemaphysalis punctata,
Hyalomma marginatum, and Amblyomma species). The majority of ticks
submitted were I. ricinus (81%), followed by I. hexagonus (10%) and I.
frontalis (2.5%). Predominant host groups include companion animals (411
records), humans (198 records), wild birds (111 records), and large wild
mammals (88 records), with records also from small/medium wild mammals,
livestock, the environment and domestic/aviary birds. The scheme has
elucidated the detection of two nonnative tick species, the expansion of
previously geographically restricted D. reticulatus and produced ground
data on the spread of I. ricinus in southwest England. It has also
provided a forum for submission of ticks from the concerned public and
particularly those infected with Lyme borreliosis, thus raising
awareness among public health agencies of the increased peri-urban tick
problem in Britain. Our results demonstrate that it is possible to run a
cost-effective nationwide surveillance program to successfully monitor
endemic tick species, identify subtle changes in their distribution, and
detect the arrival and presence of exotic species.
PMID: 20849277 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
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