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Study: Omega 3s Lower Risk of Age-Related Macular Degeneration in Women
Authors: William G. Christen, ScD; Debra A., et al.
Reference: Dietary omega-3 fatty acid and fish intake and incident age-related macular degeneration in women. Arch Ophthalmol. 2011;129(7):921-929
Design: A prospective study involving a detailed food-frequency questionnaire and a follow-up average of 10 years.
Participants: A food frequency questionnaire was administered to a total of 39,876 female health professionals, with an average age of 54.6 enrolled in the Women's Health Study. A total of 38,022 women completed the questionnaire and were free of a diagnosis of age related macular degeneration (AMD). The main outcome measure was incident AMD and a reduction of vision to 20/30 or worse.
Primary Outcome Measures: A total of 235 cases of AMD were confirmed during an average of 10 years of follow-up. Women in the highest 30% of intake for docosahexaenoic acid, compared with those in the lowest, had a relative risk of AMD of 0.62 (95% confidence interval, 0.44-0.87). For eicosapentaenoic acid, women in the highest 30% of intake had a relative risk of 0.66 (95% confidence interval, 0.48-0.92). Women who consumed 1 or more servings of fish per week, compared with those who consumed less than one serving per month, had a relative risk of AMD of 0.58 (95% confidence interval, 0.38-0.87).
Key Findings: Regular consumption of docosahexaenoic acid, eicosapentaenoic acid and fish was associated witha significantly decreased risk of AMD in women.
Practice Implications: Approximately 9 million adults in the U.S. over 40 have AMD. Another 7 plus million have early AMD with moderate or no vision loss, but an increased risk of advancing to AMD. This prospective data indicates that fish oil supplementation and/or increased fish consumption, of even just once per week, may be a primary prevention strategy for AMD.
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