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Tuesday, August 9, 2011

[AlternativeAnswers] Introduction to Patanjali's Yoga Sūtram

Introduction to Patanjali's Yoga SÅ«tram

with Manu Raval

Monday, August 15

7 - 9 pm

This lecture will explore how, where, and by whom the science of Yoga
was conceived, developed over millennia, and propagated.

We will first review what is known about the land of ancient India and
its people, language, literature, knowledge, social structure,
philosophers, poets and pundits and the arts and sciences they created.
Then we will consider how Patanjali formalized and summarized this great
tradition in his four talks on the mystical science of Yoga.

We will conclude with a review of how yoga was propagated throughout
much of the West in less than a century and consider how its
commercialization has too often corrupted its deeper teachings.

$15

The Caritas Spiritist Center

5723 Arapahoe Ave., Ste. 1A

Boulder, CO 80303

303.449.3066

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Monday, August 8, 2011

[AlternativeAnswers] Occurrence of Babesia spp., Rickettsia spp. and Bartonella spp. in Ixodes ricin

Occurrence of Babesia spp., Rickettsia spp. and Bartonella spp. in
Ixodes ricinus in Bavarian public parks, Germany.

Schorn S, Pfister K, Reulen H, Mahling M, Silaghi C

Parasit Vectors 2011 07 15; 4 (1): 135

ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND: Only limited information is available about the
occurrence of ticks and tick-borne pathogens in public parks, which are
areas strongly influenced by human beings. For this reason, Ixodes
ricinus were collected in public parks of different Bavarian cities in a
2-year survey (2009 and 2010) and screened for DNA of Babesia spp.,
Rickettsia spp. and Bartonella spp. by PCR. Species identification was
performed by sequence analysis and alignment with existing sequences in
GenBank. Additionally, coinfections with Anaplasma phagocytophilum were
investigated. RESULTS: The following prevalences were detected: Babesia
spp.: 0.4% (n= 17, including one pool of two larvae) in 2009 and 0.5 to
0.7% (n= 11, including one pool of five larvae) in 2010; Rickettsia
spp.: 6.4 to 7.7% (n= 285, including 16 pools of 76 larvae) in 2009. DNA
of Bartonella spp. in I. ricinus in Bavarian public parks could not be
identified. Sequence analysis revealed the following species: Babes ia
sp. EU1 (n=25), B. divergens (n=1), B. divergens/capreoli (n=1), B.
gibsoni-like (n=1), R. helvetica (n=272), R. monacensis IrR/Munich
(n=12) and unspecified R. monacensis (n=1). The majority of coinfections
were R. helvetica with A. phagocytophilum (n=27), but coinfections
between Babesia spp. and A. phagocytophilum, or Babesia spp. and
Rickettsia helvetica were also detected.
CONCLUSIONS: I. ricinus ticks in urban areas of Germany harbor several
tick-borne pathogens and coinfections were also observed. Public parks
are of particularly great interest regarding the epidemiology of
tick-borne pathogens, because of differences in both the prevalence of
pathogens in ticks as well as a varying species arrangement when
compared to woodland areas. The record of DNA of a Babesia gibsoni-like
pathogen detected in I. ricinus suggests that I. ricinus may harbor and
transmit more Babesia spp. than previously known. Because of their high
recreational value for human beings, urban green areas are likely to
remain in the research focus on public health issues.

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[AlternativeAnswers] Plasmid profile analysis of Portuguese Borrelia lusitaniae strains.

Plasmid profile analysis of Portuguese Borrelia lusitaniae strains.

Vitorino L, Margos G, Zé-Zé L, Kurtenbach K, Collares-Pereira M

Ticks Tick Borne Dis 2010 09; 1 (3): 125-8

Plasmid profiles of 2 Portuguese Borrelia lusitaniae strains, one
isolated from a human patient and the other one from an Ixodes ricinus
tick, were obtained by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis to evaluate the
plasmid diversity in each strain. Overall, a maximum of 6 plasmids were
detected that ranged from 19kb to 76kb, revealing completely different
plasmid profiles from those previously described for other genospecies
of B. burgdorferi sensu lato, the causative agents of Lyme borreliosis.
The plasmid location of the ospA gene was investigated by hybridization,
allowing its allocation to the plasmid of 70kb instead of the 54kb
linear plasmid described for B. burgdorferi sensu stricto strains.

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