Body Fitness Health

Thursday, May 19, 2011

[AlternativeAnswers] ELISA for the detection of antibodies against Anaplasma phagocytophilum, Ehrlic

Am J Vet Res. 2010 Dec;71(12):1443-50.

Performance of a commercially available in-clinic ELISA for the
detection of antibodies against Anaplasma phagocytophilum, Ehrlichia
canis, and Borrelia burgdorferi and Dirofilaria immitis antigen in dogs.

Chandrashekar R, Mainville CA, Beall MJ, O'Connor T, Eberts MD, Alleman
AR, Gaunt SD, Breitschwerdt EB.

Immunoassay R&D, IDEXX Laboratories, 1 IDEXX Dr, Westbrook, ME 04092,
USA. _chandra@idexx.com_ (mailto:chandra@idexx.com)

Abstract

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the sensitivity and specificity of a commercially
available in-clinic ELISA for detection of heartworm infection and
tick-borne diseases in dogs.

SAMPLE POPULATION: 846 serum, plasma, or blood samples obtained from dogs.

PROCEDURES: Samples were evaluated via the in-clinic ELISA to detect
antibodies against Anaplasma phagocytophilum, Ehrlichia canis, and
Borrelia burgdorferi and Dirofilaria immitis (heartworm) antigen. True
infection or immunologic status of samples was assessed by use of
results of necropsy, an antigen assay for D immitis, and
immunofluorescence assay or western blot analysis for antibodies against
B burgdorferi, E canis, and A phagocytophilum.

RESULTS: Sensitivity and specificity of the in-clinic ELISA for
detection of heartworm antigen (99.2% and 100%, respectively),
antibodies against B burgdorferi (98.8% and 100%, respectively), and
antibodies against E canis (96.2% and 100%, respectively) were similar
to results for a similar commercial ELISA. In samples obtained from dogs
in the northeast and upper Midwest of the United States, sensitivity and
specificity of the in-clinic ELISA for antibodies against Anaplasma spp
were 99.1% and 100%, respectively, compared with results for an
immunofluorescence assay. Samples from 2 dogs experimentally infected
with the NY18 strain of A phagocytophilum were tested by use of the
in-clinic ELISA, and antibodies against A phagocytophilum were detected
by 8 days after inoculation. Antibodies against Anaplasma platys in
experimentally infected dogs cross-reacted with the A phagocytophilum
analyte. Coinfections were identified in several of the canine serum
samples.

CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: The commercially available in-clinic
ELISA could be used by veterinarians to screen dogs for heartworm
infection and for exposure to tick-borne pathogens.

PMID: 21117995 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

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[AlternativeAnswers] The expanding Lyme Borrelia complex--clinical significance of genomic species?

Clin Microbiol Infect. 2011 Apr;17(4):487-93. doi:
10.1111/j.1469-0691.2011.03492.x.

The expanding Lyme Borrelia complex--clinical significance of genomic
species?

Stanek G, Reiter M.

Source

Institute for Hygiene and Applied Immunology, Medical University of
Vienna, Vienna, Austria. _gerold.stanek@meduniwien.ac.at_
(mailto:gerold.stanek@meduniwien.ac.at)
Abstract

Ten years after the discovery of spirochaetes as agents of Lyme disease
in 1982 in the USA, three genomic species had diverged from the
phenotypically heterogeneous strains of Borrelia burgdorferi isolated in
North America and Europe: Borrelia afzelii, B. burgdorferi sensu stricto
(further B. burgdorferi), and Borrelia garinii. Whereas B. burgdorferi
remained the only human pathogen in North America, all three species are
aetiological agents of Lyme borreliosis in Europe. Another seven
genospecies were described in the 1990s, including species from Asia
(Borrelia japonica, Borrelia turdi, and B. tanukii), North America
(Borrelia andersonii), Europe (Borrelia lusitaniae and Borrelia
valaisiana), and from Europe and Asia (Borrelia bissettii). Another
eight species were delineated in the years up to 2010: Borrelia sinica
(Asia), Borrelia spielmanii (Europe), Borrelia yangtze (Asia), Borrelia
californiensis, Borrelia americana, Borrelia carolinensis (North
America), Borrelia bavariensis (Europe), and Borrelia kurtenbachii
(North America). Of these 18 genomic species B. afzelii, B. burgdorferi
and B. garinii are the confirmed agents of localized, disseminated and
chronic manifestations of Lyme borreliosis, whereas B. spielmanii has
been detected in early skin disease, and B. bissettii and B. valaisiana
have been detected in specimens from single cases of Lyme borreliosis.
The clinical role of B. lusitaniae remains to be substantiated.

© 2011 The Authors. Clinical Microbiology and Infection © 2011 European
Society of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases.

PMID:
21414082
[PubMed - in process]

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Re: [AlternativeAnswers] Re: lowering blood pressure

Ayurvedic medicine MUKTA VATI is good for blood pressure, you can check the internet for it, and SUDDHA GUGULU is good for chollestrol.

-----Original Message-----
From: Terry Eisenstadt <tc.texs@yahoo.com>
To: AlternativeAnswers@yahoogroups.com
Sent: Wed, May 18, 2011 2:24 pm
Subject: [AlternativeAnswers] Re: lowering blood pressure

Hawthorne Berry is known to lower blood pressure. If your blood pressure is due to fluid retention dandelion extract will help.

Change Your Water and Change Your Life
Product: www.kanendemo.com

--- On Mon, 5/16/11, GAIL WOYAK <pugs5075@sbcglobal.net> wrote:

From: GAIL WOYAK <pugs5075@sbcglobal.net>
Subject: Re: [AlternativeAnswers] Natural Antibacterial Herbs
To: AlternativeAnswers@yahoogroups.com
Date: Monday, May 16, 2011, 12:34 PM

what is good for high blood pressure and colesterol

________________________________
From: Andrew Pacholyk <yogiguruji@aol.com>
To: AlternativeAnswers@yahoogroups.com
Sent: Mon, May 16, 2011 6:57:28 AM
Subject: [AlternativeAnswers] Natural Antibacterial Herbs

Good Morning!

Natural Antibacterial Herbs

There are hundreds of plants used all over the world, which are used in herbal
medicine as treatments for bacterial infections. Here are some of the most
accessible and reliable.

Bayberry (Myrica cerifera): stimulating the flow of bile, and also exhibits
antibacterial activity. Use this herb externally as a poultice.

Cinnamon (Cinnamomum zeylanicum): is an ancient herbal remedy found in the
Chinese Materia Medica. Various terpenoids found in the volatile oil including
eugenol and cinnamaldehyde account for cinnamonï¿½s medicinal effects. Both
cinnamaldehyde and cinnamon oil vapors are potent anti-fungal compounds.
Antibacterial actions have been found in cinnamon.

Cranberries (Vaccinium macrocarpon): The medicinal benefits of cranberries have
been touted in news reports for years, recognizing the small, four air-chambered
berry for its ability to protect against urinary tract infections. However, new
research suggests that not only does the cranberry, available in both white and
red varieties, fight against bacterial infections in the urinary tract, but it
is also associated with potentially lowering LDL cholesterol and slowing cancer
cell growth.

Eucalyptus (eucalyptus globulus): It's been known for some time that extracts of
eucalyptus oil inhibit the growth of some bacteria. Antibacterial activities of
eucalyptus globulus leaf extract against isolated bacteria were investigated by
determining minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal
concentration (MBC). methods. It is concluded that eucalyptus globules leaf
extract is effective against isolated bacteria.

Garlic (Allium sativum): The ancient Egyptians attached great importance to
garlic, and used it as a money exchange. Folklore has always claimed that garlic
is a great healer, and there is actually a lot of scientific evidence to support
that claim. Allicin is the compound responsible for the healing benefits of
garlic. Garlic's antibacterial characteristics have been tested even against
drug-resistant varieties, and shown to have therapeutic activity. The sulfides
in garlic may work in a way similar to that of penicillin and sulfa drugs, to
counter the growth of bacteria.

Goldenseal (Hydrastis canadenis): Goldenseal is a native American medicinal
plant introduced to early settlers by Cherokee Indians who used it as a wash for
skin diseases, wounds, and for sore, inflamed eyes. Its roots are bright yellow,
therefore, this is how it gets it's name. Goldenseal root has acquired a
considerable reputation as a natural antibiotic and as a remedy for various
gastric and genitourinary disorders.

Myrrh (Commiphora Myrrha): Myrrh is a gum resin that has been used since ancient
times. The Egyptians used it to embalm bodies, and in biblical times it was one
of the herbs brought by the Three Wise Men. Myrrh constituents are antibacterial
and antifungal, exhibiting activity against e.coli, staphylococcus, and candida
albicans, an overgrowth of which leads to yeast infections. Its antiseptic and
disinfectant properties make it useful as a wash on cuts, burns and skin
infections. Gargle several drops of tincture in water to relieve a sore throat.
Use diluted myrrh as a mouthwash or apply the powder on the mucus membranes
inside of the mouth to treat mouth sores and thrush.

Olive Leaf Extract: is an extraordinary herbal antibacterial as well as,
antiviral extract. Obtained from specific parts of the olive tree (Olea
europaea), this new proprietary phytochemical extract is not only safe, but is
also a nontoxic immune system builder. Olive Leaf Extract has been used
clinically in its present form for over a year.

Tea Tree (Melaleuca altermifolia): is the extracted oil from Melaleuca
altermifolia tree native to Australia. The oil is extracted by steam
distillation from the leaves of the tree and has been used by Australian
aborigines for several centuries. Now the tree is grown all over the world for
its medicinal properties. As an antibacterial agent, tea tree oil is said to
alleviate hemorrhoids, and treat candidiasis and other vaginal infections. As an
antifungal, tea tree oil has been used for years in the treatment of athlete's
foot, ringworm, and nail infections.

Turmeric (Curcuma longa): Curcumin, the yellow color pigment of turmeric, is
produced industrially from turmeric oleoresin. The healing properties of
turmeric have made it a most sought after ingredient in cosmetics and drugs, as
the leaf oil and extract can also be used as sunscreens and bio-pesticides. It
is well recognized as the best anti-oxidant, hypoglycemic, colorant, antiseptic
and wound healer.

Yellow Dock (Rumex crispus): has been used for hundreds of years for its
astringent properties, treating a variety of skin problems, including boils,
rashes, blemishes and burns. Yellow dock is valued as an antibacterial agent and
even more as one of the best available sources of iron. Yellow dock's high iron
content makes it beneficial for treating anemia and pregnant women. Yellow Dock
also contains vitamin C, vitamin A, calcium and phosphorous.

Andrew Pacholyk, MS. L.Ac
http://www.peacefulmind.com/herbology.htm
Therapies for healing
mind, body, spirit

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