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Tuesday, February 8, 2011

[AlternativeAnswers] [Diseases and pathogenic agents transmitted by ticks in Switzerland].

Rev Med Suisse. 2010 Oct 13;6(266):1906-9.

[Diseases and pathogenic agents transmitted by ticks in Switzerland].

[Article in French]

Gern L, Lienhard R, Peter O.

Institut de biologie, Universite de Neuchatel. lise.gern@unine.ch

Among the 20 tick species described in Switzerland, Ixodes ricinus, the
most
frequent one, is implicated in the transmission of pathogenic agents. Lyme
borreliosis and tick-borne encephalitis (TBE) are the major tick-borne
diseases transmitted to human.
**Presently 5 Borrelia species, belonging to the group Borrelia
burgdorferi,
are recognized as human pathogens**.
The risks of infection depend on the stage of the vector, the multiple
hosts, the pathogenic agent, as well as human behavior in nature.
The detection of other pathogenic agents in ticks: Anaplasma, Babesia and
Rickettsia predispose to infections or co-infections. Results of
sero-epidemiologic studies suggest human infections. Active surveillance by
physicians is necessary and clinical studies are required to evaluate the
importance of these infections in Switzerland.

Publication Types:
English Abstract

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[AlternativeAnswers] Comparison of Post-Lyme Borreliosis Symptoms in Erythema Migrans Patients with P

Vector-Borne and Zoonotic Diseases

Comparison of Post-Lyme Borreliosis Symptoms in Erythema Migrans Patients
with Positive and Negative Borrelia burgdorferi Sensu Lato Skin Culture

____________________________________

To cite this article:
Da¹a Stupica, Lara Lusa, Tja¹a Cerar, Eva Ru¾iæ-Sabljiæ, Franc Strle.
Vector-Borne and Zoonotic Diseases. -Not available-, ahead of print.
doi:10.1089/vbz.2010.0018.
Online Ahead of Print: November 17, 2010

Da¹a Stupica,1

Lara Lusa,2

Tja¹a Cerar,3

Eva Ru¾iæ-Sabljiæ,3 and

Franc Strle1

1Department of Infectious Diseases, University Medical Center Ljubljana,
Ljubljana, Slovenia.

2Faculty of Medicine, Institute for Biostatistics and Medical Informatics,
Ljubljana, Slovenia.

3Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, University
of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia.

Address correspondence to:

Da¹a Stupica

Department of Infectious Diseases
University Medical Center Ljubljana

Japljeva 2, Ljubljana 1525
Slovenia
E-mail: _cerar.dasa@gmail.com_ (mailto:cerar.dasa@gmail.com)

Abstract
Purpose: Limited data exist on differences of erythema migrans patients
with either positive or negative Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato skin
culture.
Methods: We analyzed 252 adult patients with erythema migrans in whom skin
biopsy specimen was cultured for the presence of B. burgdorferi sensu
lato. Evaluations of epidemiological, clinical, and microbiological findings
were conducted at baseline, 14 days, 2, 6, and 12 months after treatment with
either doxycycline or cefuroxime axetil.
Results: One hundred fifty-one (59.9%) patients had positive skin culture
(86.9% B. afzelii, 8.0% B. garinii, 5.1% B. burgdorferi sensu stricto) and
101 (40.1%) had negative skin culture. Patients in the culture-positive and
culture-negative groups were comparable for the basic demographic,
epidemiological, clinical, and laboratory characteristics at presentation.
Statistically significantly worse selected treatment outcome parameters in the
culture-positive group compared with the culture-negative group were
established during follow-up. Treatment failure was documented in two patients who
were culture positive and in none in the culture-negative group.
Conclusions: Although findings for the pretreatment characteristics were
comparable between the erythema migrans skin culture-positive and
culture-negative patients, some parameters indicate that borrelia skin culture
positivity may predict a less-favorable treatment outcome.
_http://www.liebertonline.com/doi/abs/10.1089/vbz.2010.0018_
(http://www.liebertonline.com/doi/abs/10.1089/vbz.2010.0018)

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[AlternativeAnswers] Rickettsia rickettsii in Dermacentor variabilis Removed from Humans, with Commen

Vector-Borne and Zoonotic Diseases

Infrequency of Rickettsia rickettsii in Dermacentor variabilis Removed
from Humans, with Comments on the Role of Other Human-Biting Ticks Associated
with Spotted Fever Group Rickettsiae in the United States

____________________________________

To cite this article:
Ellen Y. Stromdahl, Ju Jiang, Mary Vince, Allen L. Richards. Vector-Borne
and Zoonotic Diseases. -Not available-, ahead of print.
doi:10.1089/vbz.2010.0099.

____________________________________

Online Ahead of Print: December 13, 2010
Ellen Y. Stromdahl,1

Ju Jiang,2

Mary Vince,1 and

Allen L. Richards2,3

1Entomological Sciences Program, U.S. Army Public Health Command, Aberdeen
Proving Ground, Maryland.

2Viral & Rickettsial Diseases Department, Naval Medical Research Center,
Silver Spring, Maryland.

3Preventive Medicine & Boimetrics Department, Uniformed Services
University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland.

Address correspondence to:

Ellen Y. Stromdahl

Entomological Sciences Program
U.S. Army Public Health Command (Provisional)

5158 Blackhawk Road

BLDG E-5800

Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010–5403
E-mail: _ellen.stromdahl@us.army.mil_ (mailto:ellen.stromdahl@us.army.mil)

Abstract
From 1997 to 2009, the Tick-Borne Disease Laboratory of the U.S. Army
Public Health Command (USAPHC) (formerly the U.S. Army Center for Health
Promotion and Preventive Medicine) screened 5286 Dermacentor variabilis ticks
removed from Department of Defense (DOD) personnel, their dependents, and DOD
civilian personnel for spotted fever group rickettsiae using polymerase
chain reaction and restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis.
Rickettsia montanensis (171/5286=3.2%) and Rickettsia amblyommii (7/5286=0.1%)
were detected in a small number of samples, but no ticks were found positive
for Rickettsia rickettsii, the agent of Rocky Mountain spotted fever (RMSF)
until May 2009, when it was detected in one D. variabilis male removed from
a child in Maryland. This result was confirmed by nucleotide sequence
analysis of the rickettsial isolate and of the positive control used in the
polymerase chain reaction, which was different from the isolate. Lethal effects
of rickettsiostatic proteins of D. variabilis on R. rickettsii and lethal
effects of R. rickettsii infection on tick hosts may account for this
extremely low prevalence. Recent reports of R. rickettsii in species
Rhipicephalus sanguineus and Amblyomma americanum ticks suggest their involvement in
transmission of RMSF, and other pathogenic rickettsiae have been detected
in Amblyomma maculatum. The areas of the U.S. endemic for RMSF are also
those where D. variabilis exist in sympatry with populations of A. americanum
and A. maculatum. Interactions among the sympatric species of ticks may be
involved in the development of a focus of RMSF transmission. On the other
hand, the overlap of foci of RMSF cases and areas of A. americanum and A.
maculatum populations might indicate the misdiagnosis as RMSF of diseases
actually caused by other rickettsiae vectored by these ticks. Further studies
on tick vectors are needed to elucidate the etiology of RMSF.

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