Body Fitness Health

Monday, December 6, 2010

[AlternativeAnswers] Bartonella henselae transmission from cat fleas.

Evaluation of topical application of 10%
imidacloprid-1% moxidectin to prevent,Bartonella henselae
transmission from cat fleas.

J Am Vet Med Assoc. 2010 Apr 15;236(8):869-73.

Evaluation of topical application of 10% imidacloprid-1%
moxidectin to prevent Bartonella henselae transmission from cat
fleas.

Bradbury CA, Lappin MR.

Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine
and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins,
CO 80523.

Objective-To determine whether monthly topical administration of
a combination of 10% imidacloprid and 1% moxidectin would lessen
flea (Ctenocephalides felis) transmission of Bartonella henselae
among cats.
Design-Controlled trial.
Animals-18 specific pathogen-free cats housed in 3 groups of 6.
Procedures-3 enclosures were separated by mesh to allow fleas to
pass among groups yet prevent cats from contacting one another.
One group was inoculated IV with B henselae, and after infection
was confirmed, the cats were housed in the middle enclosure. This
infected group was flanked by a group that was treated topically
with 10% imidacloprid-1% moxidectin monthly for 3 months and by
an untreated group. On days 0, 15, 28, and 42, 100 fleas/cat were
placed on each of the 6 cats in the B henselae-infected group.
Blood samples were collected from all cats weekly for detection
of Bartonella spp via PCR assay, bacterial culture, and serologic
assay.
Results-B henselae infection was confirmed in the cats infected
IV and in all untreated cats after flea exposure; none of the
cats treated with the imidacloprid-moxidectin combination became
infected.

Conclusions and Clinical Relevance-In this setting, monthly
topical administration of 10% imidacloprid-1% moxidectin reduced
flea infestation, compared with infestation in untreated cats,
and thus prevented flea transmission of B henselae to treated
cats. Regular monthly use of this flea control product in cats
may lessen the likelihood of humans acquiring B henselae
infection.

http://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pu
bmed&id=20392182&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks
PMID: 20392182 [PubMed - in process]

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[AlternativeAnswers] Stable Prevalence of Powassan Virus in Ixodes scapularis in a Northern Wisconsin

_http://www.ajtmh.org/cgi/content/full/79/6/971_
(http://www.ajtmh.org/cgi/content/full/79/6/971)

Stable Prevalence of Powassan Virus in Ixodes scapularis in a Northern
Wisconsin Focus

Abstract

Deer tick virus (DTV), a variant of Powassan virus (POWV), appears to be
maintained in nature in an enzootic cycle between Ixodes scapularis ticks
and small mammals.
Although POWV infection of human beings is rare, a recent report suggests
increasing incidence and the possibility that POWV may be an emerging
tick-borne zoonosis.
Therefore, we assessed the long-term stability of the POWV transmission
cycle in northwestern Wisconsin.

Adult I. scapularis and Dermacentor variabilis were collected from Hayward
and Spooner, Wisconsin, screened for infection by reverse transcriptase
polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), and virus was isolated.

Seventeen of 1,335 (1.3%) of I. scapularis and 0 of 222 (0%) of D.
variabilis ticks were infected. All isolated virus belonged to the DTV genotype of
POWV.

These findings suggest stable transmission of POWV in this focus over ten
years and highlight the potential for this agent to emerge as a public
health concern.

These findings suggest that deer tick-borne POWV may present a public
health risk to human residents of and visitors to infested sites.
Paradoxically, despite the apparent increase in the incidence of human
infection, the proportion of ticks infected remained constant between the
1990s and the present.
The increased geographic distribution of deer ticks and concomitant
increases in their populations might produce a greater number of infected ticks
overall, or might facilitate spillover from cryptic enzootic foci, which
might produce additional human POWV infections.

It may be that a proportion of the recent increase in the recognition of
POWV encephalitis in North America is attributable to the emergence of DTV.
Ongoing studies will therefore more completely characterize the
transmission cycle and molecular epidemiology of DTV within this focus.

Importantly, infection by viruses within the TBE serologic complex results
in a wide range of clinical outcomes, ranging from asymptomatic to severe:
DTV may be less pathogenic than prototypical POWV, as has been suggested
previously.

Experimental studies are required to evaluate this hypothesis. In the
absence of this data, clinicians should consider tick-borne flavivirus
infection in patients presenting 1) with neurologic symptoms and 2) residence or
travel to tick-infested sites.

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Re: [AlternativeAnswers] restless leg syndrome

You might benefit from far infrared bedsheets or pajamas. Far infrared material helps circulation.

Linda White Dove, M. Ed. Awakening Facilitator
http://www.lindawhitedove.com
http://www.facebook.com/LindaWhiteDove

________________________________
From: Robert <rdelmonte15@yahoo.com>
To: AlternativeAnswers@yahoogroups.com
Sent: Fri, December 3, 2010 4:12:43 AM
Subject: [AlternativeAnswers] restless leg syndrome

Looking for alternative treatments for rls. Anybody have any ideas?

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